15 Questions to Ask When Interviewing a Home Care Worker on Your Own

If you're hiring an in-home health care worker without going through an agency, these questions should help you find a reliable match for your loved one. Involve the person you're caring for in the interview process as much as possible. It's his interview, with you asking the questions for him (if he's able to ask them himself, even better). 

Be prepared with questions!

1. Will you take care of all required payroll paperwork for my parent's worker?

   A significant amount of paperwork is involved when employing someone, covering such matters as taxes, Social Security, and disability. One plus to hiring from an agency (and the reason it's usually more expensive than hiring independently) is that it normally does this for you. Still, it never hurts to double-check.
   

2. Are you Medicare certified?

   Medicare certified agencies are eligible to be paid through Medicare, the government's health coverage for people over 65. To become Medicare certified, an agency must meet federal standards for patient care.
   

3. Can my parent and I interview candidates and give input on the choice?

   The more control you and your parent have over choosing a home health worker, the better you'll feel about the person. Agencies approach this differently, so you'll need to ask.

   1. What kind of background check do you do on your workers?

      It's increasingly common for employers to do criminal background checks on potential employees. Since trust is critical when hiring someone to help your parent in a home setting, these checks are valuable screening tools.
      

   2. Do you check your workers' driving record and driver's license?

      If you need someone to drive your parent, even occasionally, it's important to know what kind of driver you're getting. Car insurance requirements, by the way, differ state by state. Check with your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to see what's required in your state. And if the worker will be driving your parent's or your car, check with the insurance company to find out how to include new drivers.
      

   3. Are your workers bonded?

      If someone is bonded, her work is basically insured, and your parents will be covered if she breaks the washing machine or steals something. Bonding coverage varies, so ask for details. It's a level of reassurance that can make a difference but isn't essential.
      

   4. Do you provide any training for your workers?

      If so, ask the agency whether training is done once or on an ongoing basis.
      

   5. Are the healthcare workers your employees or independent contractors?

      Some agencies function more like job referral services, linking independent workers with jobs rather than managing their own employees. With independent contractors, you'll likely be required to do more paperwork and supervision. It's a good idea to be clear about this from the start.
      

   6. What kind of supervision do you provide?

      Does the agency check in with its workers daily or weekly? Is someone available to provide expertise or extra assistance if needed?
      

   7. How do you handle a worker's sick days, vacation days, and holidays? Will you automatically send a replacement worker?

      Will you automatically send a replacement worker? Everyone needs breaks and time off, especially home health workers, whose work is physically and emotionally demanding. Find out how agencies cover for worker absences and what's required from your end.
      

   8. What's the turnover rate of your workers?

      Do you think they like their jobs? Do you offer benefits? It's always hard to know if you'll get an honest answer, but it never hurts to ask. A simple truth prevails: People who are happy with their work make better employees. See if you can get a reading on this.
      

   9. How do you handle conflict between a client and worker?

      It helps to know how much support you'll get from an agency should a conflict arise -- and it probably will. Does the agency mediate conflicts, and if so, how? Is it flexible about changing workers if things don't improve?
      

   10. Do you have customers I can talk to about their experiences?

       Ask for several references. This is one of the best ways to get a sense of how an agency performs over time.
       

   11. Do you accept payment from insurance companies?

       If your parent has, say, long-term care insurance that pays for the cost of in-home care, you'll want to make sure the agency accepts this kind of payment. If not, you're probably better off using one that does.
       

   12. What kind of service agreement is required?

   
   
   
   
   
   

Can Meditation Increase Your Pain Tolerance?

One scientist from the University of Montreal seems to think so. When performing a study on long-time Zen meditators, Joshua Grant and his colleagues discovered that their tolerance for pain far outweighed the tolerance of the subjects in the control group. This was a result of the thicker layer of gray matter in the area of the brain that processes pain sensory, most likely the result of sustained activity of the brain – much like working out a muscle. Not only does old age work against the thickness of gray matter, but also the lack of mental activity for those in their middle ages. Therefore, seniors who are consistently doing things like meditation, crossword puzzles and other “thinking games,” have improved memory and mental capacities.

According to a study conducted in 2008 by a team from Harvard Medical School, additional benefits of daily meditation include lower stress levels, eased blood pressure and added cell protection from aging.

Therefore, try adding meditation to your daily to do list. Whether it’s an exhilarating AM wake-up call or much needed time to unwind, meditation offers irreplaceable health advantages. Not to mention, it is also a nice bonding experience for you and an elderly loved one.

Common Sense Care Giving

In general, women are our society’s caretakers.  From the time that they are little girls, they are caring for their dolls and perhaps even their pets.  As women grow into adulthood, they care for their spouses and are generally the ones who provide the primary care for children (down to providing the sustenance that helps children grow and thrive).  As their children grow and become self-sufficient, many women end up caring for their parents (and sometimes even their in-laws) as they age and need assistance in their daily living tasks.

As anyone who has been a caregiver can attest, it takes a toll on you emotionally and physically.  Giving so much of yourself to another is a tremendous gift to them but it can literally zap your energy and take away your ability to think clearly and logically. In giving so much of yourself to others, you often stop caring for yourself (especially if you are doing what thousands of women are doing by working at a job while performing caretaking duties). 

As you plan for your life in retirement, have you stopped to think how your life in relationship to those you care for will change? If not, it’s time to consider these possible changes.

The first change can be a double-edged sword, positive and negative. Once you are retired from your job, you can spend more time in care giving to others.  This can be wonderful for them because they get much-needed attention that enables them to continue to function and it can be a positive for you as well because you feel like you are making a positive difference for someone else. Having more time to care for others can also quickly lead to burn-out (for you and sometimes the person you are caring for). 

When you retire, consider talking to the person for whom you are caring and ask them for alternatives and what they want to do in this new situation. Sometimes, insurance will provide respite care. In some areas, community-based are provides an alternative to family care. Before you are burned out as a care giver, make sure that you have explored all of the alternatives.

The second change will be your control over your daily schedule. Just like when you worked, it is a good idea to keep a written or electronic schedule. By allotting time to certain tasks, you can make sure that you are giving time to others as needed but you can also pencil in time for yourself as well.  The time for yourself is vitally important to help you rejuvenate and recharge your batteries for yourself and others.  You can also see where you are over scheduling yourself and correct the problem before it gets out of hand.

The third change (or enhancement) is to schedule time just for you. Exercise is especially important because folks sometimes gain weight when they go through a milestone in their lives (and retirement definitely fits this category). Even treat yourself to a manicure/pedicure or massage. In many cities, a beauty or massage school has a greatly reduced price in return for a bit slower service. (I don’t know about you but I have never complained about someone being too slow during a massage!). Being kind to yourself doesn’t have to cost much but it definitely does have to happen on a regular basis.

The bottom line is that you must care for yourself as much as you care for others now and after you retire.  By doing so, you are maintaining the ability to give others what they need while retaining your health and welfare. To coin a phrase, it’s a “win-win.”

Simple Prepared Meal Delivery Services for Family Caretakers Of Seniors

Almost all daughters and sons who take care of their older parent, or elderly parents, usually do not imagine themselves as caregivers. They just consider themselves as attending to their parents. A caregiver is defined as somebody that provides support for another person who may not be able to reside on their own as a result of bodily, psychological, financial, or mental limitations.

Caregivers are likely to be thought to be specialists or volunteers who stop by the home of the person they may be looking after as needed. In situations where an expert will not be necessary, the duty will most likely drop on the siblings of the family. This could consist of errands, housekeeping, yard maintenance, managing finances, food shopping, and cooking meals in advance.

Surveys differ, but as many as 80% of all caregiver services in the U.S. are provided by family members. This adds up to practically 50 million men and women, and approximately a third of every U.S. family has an unpaid caregiver attending to the needs of an older parent in some capacity. 86% of caregivers are family members, and 66% tend to be female. The average family caregiver can assume this obligation for as long as nine years.

While there are several jobs and commitments a family caretaker will expect, 65% of all services consist of cooking food, and 40% are maintaining specific nutritional diets. 75% of family caregivers state food shopping is often a regular part of their duty. Senior citizens make up the largest percentage of people in society who need diabetic, weight loss, low sodium, and heart healthy diet programs. Preparing meals in advance for parents is usually a significant task in itself. Preparing meals regarding special diets, calls for further expertise with respect to both food shopping, and cooking.

Family caretakers who reside nearby will have a much easier go regarding cooking and taking care of their aging parents compared to those that live further away, or perhaps in another state. With the fast paced routines of employment and rearing their own families, it is no surprise 40% of family caregivers find caring for a mother or father, or parents, can be a burden. 32% say it is a excessive responsibility and results in emotional tension, but when it comes to taking care of an aging member of the family, it is usually a labor of love.

Prepared Meal Delivery Solutions

Nourishing an aging parent, or parents, can be one of the most frequent, and time intensive responsibilities a family caregiver can provide. Having prepared meals delivered, in some capacity, is often a potential option that helps both the family caregiver and the parent. Menus can be as simple as one dinner a day, to a comprehensive selection of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Most companies that offer premade meals ship their meals frozen allowing it to easily be heated up in a microwave oven.

• DineWise is a nationwide meal delivery service that delivers frozen senior meals across the country. They have a substantial choice of foods, and offer nutritional options for individuals with diabetic, weight loss, and low sodium requirements. Repeated food deliveries may be booked for any time frame, as well as any budget. DineWise meal costs average $12 per meal.
• HomeStyle Direct is a service that accepts medicaid for residents who live in Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, Utah, or Wyoming. Their menu offers significantly less selection and does not cater to specific nutritional diet programs, but they do offer less expensive cost option. Their average meals will cost around $6 each.
• Meals On Wheels is a local service which provides hot meals to homebound senior citizens, typically more than 60 years old. Restrictions, qualifying criteria, and rates, in the form of contributions, varies depending on the county you live in. The service is not offered nationally. These agencies are usually financed through charitable efforts and local governing bodies.

National prepared meal delivery service corporations give family caretakers the ability to reduce stress and lower the burden of taking care of an aging parent, or parents. They also offer a benefit to the elderly in that they are simple to reheat, and enable seniors a sense of remaining self-sufficient. They may be bought in just about any volume, and optionally planned for regular shipping and delivery dates. Having precooked meals on hand also offers convenience for family caregivers in situations where they go away, or cannot attend for their parent, or parents.

Dance: the movement activity for the elderly ( www.bestlocalassistedliving.com )

Just gotta dance!!

Here is an all-purpose -- and inexpensive -- activity providing many benefits:

Dance equals the most vigorous of sport participation and it may provide the same physical exertion that sports and games provide with less space requirements. Dr. Kenneth Cooper, founder of the Aerobics Center in Dallas, states "ballroom dance is a fairly minimal activity, but if you can combine frequency per week with duration, you can get a nice training effect." Other possible physical benefits of dance for older adults include: improved balance, coordination and kinesthetic awareness, improved alignment with decreased arthritis difficulties, insomnia, neuromuscular hypertension, and low back pain. Dance also seems to maintain interest better than a regimen of calisthenics.

Dance may contribute to the physical fitness of its participants through versatile exercise that aids muscle tone, weight control, gracefulness, general body control, and health. In 1988, Sutton at the University of Minnesota found that middle-aged men who participated in moderate activity over a seven year period reduced the risk of fatal coronary heart disease incidence by thirty-seven percent. Simmons measured changes in the cardiorespiratory systems of older adults after participating in thirty sessions of dancing and no form of aerobic dance was used, only modified folk, couple, and square dances. Results identified that low to moderate intensity in a regular dance program did contribute significant improvements in predicted V|O.sub.2~ Max and resting systolic blood pressure. These findings support the premise that dancing is a legitimate aerobic workout for older adults.

Creativity

Dance provides for self expression, even if it's only shuffling movements, which still have some element of "creating one's own routine". Each individual shuffles their feet as they wish to. Though some dance forms such as square and folk have very structured steps and formations, ballroom and social dance allow individuals to be creative and try different steps and moves.

Dance has long been a rationalization for getting people together. Unlike other activities, dance allows participants to concentrate on each other rather than play to an audience or strive to meet regimented skill specifications. Dance may decrease isolation, loneliness and boredom, increase tactile support, cooperation and enjoyment, and it also gives participants something to do with their hands, feet, and body if communicating on a purely verbal level is awkward.

Other areas that dance may contribute to include:

Rhythm and coordination

Relaxation and escape

Recognition and understanding of one's own culture

Opportunity for adventure and new experience

Characteristics of the Aged

According to Shephard, there are two primary questions that the leader of an older adult dance program must consider. First, what movements and fitness demands are required to successfully perform this dance? Dances with slow tempos and very little locomotion involved should be chosen for those individuals with minimal fitness levels. As fitness levels improve the tempo and amount of space that steps cover may be increased.

Secondly, what is the skill complexity and cognitive demands of this dance? Older individuals need clear and concrete instructions and an opportunity to learn at their own pace. Begin with only the basic steps of a social dance or the most simple degree of difficulty for folk and square dances. Progression on step complexity should be slow with sufficient repetition for learning. The gradual loss of sensitivity in the feet will affect the older adult's sense of position and balance; therefore, steps requiring rapid change in motion or direction should be avoided.

Individuals should have a medical examination before participation in dance programs. After the examination the instructor then needs to assess the biomechanical capabilities and weaknesses to determine appropriate type and intensity of movement according to the need of each individual. There should be sensitivity to the variability of present fitness and mobility levels within the dances called. Traditional movements and their style of execution should be modified in response to signs of over-exertion. The risk of injuries, such as strains, and sprains increases with age, particularly after the age of 55. Furthermore, many older adults fear bodily injury during a movement activity, and for good reason, since an injury can be a serious blow to self-sufficiency and personal freedom.

In short, dance leaders should possess a sound understanding of these limitations and be able to teach the participants rules of safe participation.

Social/Emotional Characteristics

Motivation of the older adult to seriously participate in a dance program requires the leadership of a caring person who has a personality that assures the participant of success and well-being. The leader's ability to provide meaningful feedback that conveys an appreciation of the older adult's accomplishments will also be motivational.

Different types of dance can lead to different types of social interaction. Line and folk dances allow for simultaneous interaction among the group. Mixers allow for short acquaintances with everyone participating in the dance. Square dances provide interaction for a small group of friends. Social dances allow a couple to interact apart from the group, although the steps from the social dances can be performed in line formation without the need for separating into couples.

The Dance Routine

The first dances should always be chosen to slowly warm-up the body. The last dances should also be slow for a cooling-down effect. The routines between might alternate among fast, moderate, or slow tempos as long as continuous movement is sustained throughout. It is often helpful to end each class session with a short period of relaxation.

Any or all of these can be used to provide residents with exercise, social opportunities and fun -- and sustain and improve the independence they have remaining.

Brain and Mind Exercise Activities – Ideas for Games

Elderly Parents Brain and Mind Exercise Activities – Ideas for Games 

Playing games with elderly parents who have dementia is beneficial in more ways than one.

Games can help lighten the spirit of a senior struggling with dementia, and games can also help to keep their mind agile.The brain is a muscle and to stay sharp it needs regular exercise. When choosing games for this purpose it is important for the game to be easy to play, but you don't want to insult the seniors by choosing games designed for children. The following ten games may help to keep the aging mind sharp.

Dominoes

Dominoes - an ideal game to play with someone who has dementia. The game is familiar to most and fairly easy to teach elderly parents and easy for them to play. In addition to this, the game can easily be modified to meet the needs of the individual playing. Dominoes can help a person with dementia stay sharp with numbers and concepts like matching.

Puzzles

Puzzles are a great activity for elderly parents to keep the aging mind agile. Puzzles help with problem solving, matching and coordination. It is important to make sure the puzzles you choose are appropriate for a person with dementia. The more advanced a person's dementia is the fewer pieces a puzzle should have. Additionally, make sure you avoid choosing children's puzzles because it can be viewed as not challenging.

Crossword Puzzles

Crossword puzzles are ideal for people with mild to moderate symptoms of dementia. Crossword puzzles can be purchased in small or large print to accommodate any physical disability. They can also be purchased in themes so you can select puzzles that are familiar to the person with dementia.

Chess

Chess is an excellent game for people with early onset dementia. It requires planning and strategy, so it really helps exercise the brain. However, people with moderate to severe dementia may not be capable of playing a game as complicated as chess.

Checkers

Checkers is an ideal game for people who have dementia. The game has basic rules that are easy to remember, and it requires them to use some basic strategizing. This game can replace chess for many people with dementia once their symptoms begin to accelerate.

Bridge

Card games like bridge are great for people with dementia. First and foremost, card games can be adapted because you can buy cards in different sizes to accommodate physical limitations. The game of bridge works the brain because it requires strategy and math, not to mention it can be social.

Sudoku

Like crossword puzzles, Sudoku helps exercise the brain and keep the mind agile. Sudoku can also be purchased in large or small print. Sudoku is very popular so it is easy to find puzzles of varying skill levels. Sudoku goes one step beyond crossword puzzles because it also incorporates math into the problem solving.

Scrabble

Scrabble is an excellent game to exercise the mind, maintain word recognition, and infuse social activity into the lives of individuals with dementia. In fact, scrabble can also help improve memory and vocabulary when played on a regular basis.

Word Search

Games in which you have to find and circle certain words are ideal for people with early dementia. Word search puzzles help maintain word recognition, and they keep the mind active. Like crossword puzzles and Sudoku you can purchase these puzzles in multiple themes and print sizes to tailor to the individuals needs.

Bingo

Bingo is a fun, exciting, and social game for groups of elderly parents. It helps with focus, and number recognition. Bingo also has easy instructions so it can be played by people with varying degrees of dementia.

Depression in Seniors

Depression in seniors can be hard to understand but it does exist. As people get older they find that the kids don’t need them like they use to, their careers are now replaced with retirement, and all that time that they have free now is filled with empty days and nights. At first it may be exciting to have all that free time but it soon wears down a person inside, especially if they are used to the everyday pace of life.

Understanding depression is very important for anyone working or living with seniors. Everyone becomes sad or lonely sometimes, this is normal. But when someone is depressed it goes much deeper than the normal sadness even you may experience. When someone is truly depressed they experience such symptoms as their normal activity, physical being and appearance, their way of thinking, or their behavior. Depression can cause muscle aches that won’t go away, loss of interest in activities that they normally enjoy, and the feeling of being empty.

Depression shouldn’t be diagnosed right away due to the fact that the person may not be suffering from depression and just has a simple case of the blues. But for those who experience any of the following symptoms for more than a couple of weeks should see their doctor.

• Feeling empty
• No interest in what usually makes them happy
• Trouble sleeping
• Fatigue
• Feeling of not being worthy
• Feeling overwhelmed, guilty, or helpless
• Crying uncontrollably
• Aches and pains that keep reoccurring after seeing a doctor
• Unable to tolerate being around people
• Either thoughts of suicide or actually attempting suicide

It’s important to seek professional help as soon as possible to diagnose depression and to find out how you can live with the symptoms. You can also improve the condition or completely overcome depression with the help of a professional. Originally your family physician can see you and recommend treatment or even refer you to a professional that can help with depression.

It’s important to find out what is causing your depression and that will be the goal of the professional. If you are already taking medication one of the side effects of some medication is depression so your doctor may simply need to change your medication. Other people may be depressed due to their current financial status, friends or family problems, a death in the family or of a friend, and more. Once your doctor finds out the cause of your depression you can face the problem head on and conquer it. Results cannot normally be felt immediately but it will happen.

Seniors with depression will normally turn away from family or friends who want to help. But that is because they want to be left alone. As a caregiver it is important to be patient and stay with them even when they don’t necessarily want you to. Your persistence will pay off. Depression can affect everyone around you but only you can stop it.

Home Safety!

Eliminate risks for injury in the home to prolong health and independence!

 

What are some things that can be done to maintain a safe home environment?

❖ Remove throw rugs from walkways.
❖ Use a cooking timer, especially if you leave the kitchen while the stove/oven is on.
❖ Keep all flammable items away from the stove, including shirt sleeves and towels.
❖ Place frequently used items within easy reach by rearranging shelves and counters.
❖ Take your time getting in or out of the tub or shower. Use a non-skid bathmat.
❖ Keep phones and emergency numbers in every room of the house..
❖ Keep the house brightly lit: use the right wattage bulbs and nightlights.
❖ If you live alone, stay in contact with a neighbor or relative on a regular basis.
❖ Use a pill organizer to keep track of daily medications, or keep a daily pill journal.
❖ Call your physician if you do not feel well or if you have questions about meds.
❖ If you use a walker, do not carry items — use a rolling cart, walker basket or bag.
❖ Ensure your electrical cords are not tripping hazards.
❖ Never stand on an chair, box or other unstable object to reach something.
❖ Never put anything on the stairway. Take your time on the stairs.

If you have any concerns about safety in your home, call your local in-home healthcare organization today and ask for an in-home assessment.  Looking for a Home Healthcare provider?  Check out www.bestlocalhomehealthcare.com for the BEST in your local area!

How to Prevent Falls

Falls are the #1 fear of aging adults and the #1 independence robber
The fear of falling is not unfounded. Falls are not an inevitable part of aging. The best thing you can do is learn how to prevent falls.

More than one in three people age 65 years or older falls each year.
The risk of falling increases with age and is greater for women than for men.
Two-thirds of those who experience a fall will fall again within six months.
A decrease in bone density contributes to falls and resulting injuries.

Failure to exercise regularly results in poor muscle tone, decreased strength, and loss of bone mass and flexibility. At least one-third of all falls in the elderly involve environmental hazards in the home. The most profound effect of falling is the loss of independent functioning. Twenty-five percent of those who fracture a hip require life-long nursing care. About 50 percent of the elderly who sustain a fall-related injury will be discharged to a nursing home rather than return home. Most falls do not result in serious injury. However, there is often a psychological impact. Approximately 25 percent of community-dwelling people 75 or over unnecessarily restrict their activities because of fear of falling. There are proven strategies that can reduce your risk for falls and help you live a longer, healthier life.

There are many factors to consider on how to prevent falls at home.

Are you taking medications that may be making you dizzy?
Are you taking sleeping medication?
Are taking medications that make you get up to use the bathroom frequently and cause you to get up in the middle of the night?
Do you feel as if your balance is off at times?
Have fallen or almost fallen?
Do you find your self holding onto the furniture or walls when you walk?

Take time to discuss these issues with your physician. Request an evaluation be done by a physical therapist to assess your risk for falling and make recommendations on changes you may need to make.

The physical therapist can also make a home assessment to make recommendations to make your home safer and more “fall proof.” It is important to have both the inside and outside of the home assessed.

Some safety factors to address in minimizing falls are:

• Improving lighting
• Installing handrails and grab bars
• Moving items so that they are easier to reach.
• Slip-resistant floors. Use nonskid mats under rugs or attach rugs to the floor with double sided tape. Use no skid wax on waxed floors at home.
• Using a low or leveled threshold in the door area where the elderly are likely to trip.
• Using low-pile carpeting, so a walker doesn't get caught in low-piles which will prevent the person from falling.
• Making sure carpeting and rugs are not worn and torn
• Removing small loose rugs, even with non skid mats should not be in traffic areas of the home
• Having no rugs or mats in the bathroom. The bathroom flooring is a matte finish and slip resistant when wet.
• Ensuring there is sufficient lighting all long all stairways. Railings should be provided on either side of the stairs, as it makes climbing up and down easier. This way the stairs will be safe.
• All rooms should be well lit as dark rooms can lead to accidental falls.
• Especially having entrances should be very well lit. Night lights should be placed throughout the house.
• Ensuring there is a place to keep keys, Shopping items, mail or anything else that the aging adult maybe carrying to the entrance of the house. Place a table or a basket near the door to place these things in and on.
• Electrical cords are placed out of the flow of traffic and out from under rugs and furniture
• Flooring should be non slippery and have a non glare surface or wall to wall low pile carpet
• Chairs and sofas should be safe and secure - they should not be too low or too deep to be able to get out of easily
• Having no clutter , a clear pathway and enough space to walk through the room
• Having a lamp or flashlight are within easy reach from your bed.
• Having plenty of room for you to walk around your bed.
• Having a night stand bedside the bed so you can easily reach the telephone, place your glasses or other important items
• Having a sturdy chair with arms in your bedroom so that you can dress.
• Making sure steps and walkways outside are in good condition and have good lighting
• Having phones in every room of the house and keep emergency numbers by all of them.

How to prevent falls actions you can take

• Exercise: Older people who fall often reduce their activity, because they fear falling. However, it is especially important for them to keep up their physical activity. Regular aerobic exercise is associated with increased life expectancy, increased independence and reduced risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, hip fractures, and depression. “Mall Walking” where people exercise in shopping malls, is becoming increasingly popular among aging adults and is good exercise in a safe environment. Regular exercise will keep your muscles strong and joints flexible. Keeping as active as possible can make falls less likely. Regular physical activity, e.g. brisk walking, housework, dancing or keep fit classes, helps to improve your balance.
• Take Calcium and Vitamin D: Women should take calcium (1,500 mg/day) and Vitamin D (750 U) to strengthen bone and reduce the risk of hip fractures (by as much as 40 percent).
• Be selective about your footwear: Foot problems or inappropriate footwear can contribute to falls and injury. The best shoes are walking shoes with flat soles, such as sneakers. Discard poorly fitting shoes or slippers and don't wear high heels. Avoid trailing clothes which may trip you up.
• Do your daily activities in a safe manner, such as reaching and bending properly, taking time to recover balance when rising from a chair or bed.
• Learning the proper way to fall, and learning how to recover after a fall is something you can talk to your physical therapist.
• Have your vision checked Use color and contrast to define balance-aiding objects in the home (e.g., grab bars and handrails). Add contrasting color strips to first and last steps to identify change of level. Clean eye glasses often to improve visibility.
• Know your medications and side effects- people taking multiple medications are at greater risk of falling. 
•  
• What to do if you fall
  
  It is difficult to do, but try to remain calm. Take a deep breath and try to focus. Do not move until you are calm and can determine if you are injured. If you move too quickly you may make the injury worse. Roll over on your side and try to get to a seated position.
  
  If this is not possible, or you think you are injured ask someone to call for help or call 911.
  
  Technology that can help
  
  Consider getting a personal medical emergency device. Consider this, once an aging adult has fallen and waited hours for help to find them, they lose a portion of their self-confidence, and they start to become afraid and start to limit their activity.
  
  The best time to protect a loved one with a medical alert device is prior to any problem.
  
  A loved one can remain living independently in their own home far longer by having a system in place that will get them help when they need it. Peace of mind for the aging adult and their families is priceless.